History 138:  Science in the U.S.

Class 39 (11/22)
Silicon Valley
(order switched in honor of the Big Game)

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Outline Prehistory:  wireless, aviation, and World War II

Stanford
  The trials of a private institution
  Terman's model
  War, postwar, and consequences
  Local synergies:  aerospace

The semiconductor story
  Solid-state technology:  origins of the transistor (1947)
  Moving to California
  The technology and the market
    The planar process
    The integrated circuit (IC)

The dynamics of the Silicon Valley economy

Names and Terms
Primary Secondary
Santa Clara Valley
Moffett Field / NACA-Ames
Leland Stanford Junior University
Herbert Hoover (1874-1964)
Frederick Terman (1900-1982)
Stanford Industrial Park
Stanford Research Institute (SRI)
Lockheed
semiconductor (e.g., silicon)
Fairchild Semiconductor
ultrareliability
venture capital
William Hewlett, David Packard
Varian brothers (Russell and Sigurd)
klystron
Bell Labs
Walter Brattain, John Bardeen, William Shockley
Texas Instruments (TI)
Minuteman missile
Assignment Alvin M. Weinberg, "Can Technology Replace Social Engineering?", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 22:12 (December 1966): 4-8.

 What did Weinberg mean by a "technological fix"? By "social engineering"?
 What kind of world did he foresee for the future?
 What historical experience was necessary to make this outcome seem plausible to him?
 Whom was he trying to persuade?

David A. Hollinger, "Science as a Weapon in Kulturkämpfe in the United States During and After World War II," in Scientific, ed. Numbers and Rosenberg, 320-334. [Originally Isis 86 (1995): 440-454.]

 What does Hollinger mean by Kulturkämpfe? (Look up Kulturkampf in a good dictionary.)
 What were the political uses of the word "scientific" in these episodes?
 How does Hollinger characterize the relation between science and religion in mid-twentieth-century America?

Copyright © Cathryn Carson 2002