| World powers ca. 1900
The grand tour: exemplary sites
France: Paris
Concentration of power
The grand institutions of the 18th and early 19th centuries
Days of glory and complaints of decline
Britain: Cambridge
Education for the elite: where does science fit?
The Mathematical Tripos
Adding laboratories
Britain: Manchester
Provincial distance from the elite centers
Educational alternatives to Oxbridge
Intersections: Cambridge and Manchester
National institutions: the scientific society
National interests: industrial developments
Germany: Berlin (start)
The German university system, with Berlin as its flagship
The research ideal and its accompaniments
Theoretical physics
The technical institutes and the tension between practical and ideal values
Signs of German flourishing
If you missed the handout, please look at the statistics
on academic
physics and theoretical
physicists ca. 1900. |